【名词性从句4种类型】名词性从句是英语语法中非常重要的一部分,它在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。名词性从句由连接词引导,结构完整,具有名词的语法功能。根据其在句子中的作用不同,名词性从句可分为以下四种类型。
一、主语从句
主语从句是指在句子中作主语的从句。通常由 that、whether、if、who、what、how、when、where、why 等引导。
例句:
- That he is late is obvious.(他迟到了是显而易见的。)
- Whether she will come is still unknown.(她是否会来还不知道。)
二、宾语从句
宾语从句是指在句子中作动词、介词或非谓语动词的宾语的从句。常见的引导词有 that、whether、if、what、who、how、when、where、why 等。
例句:
- I know that he is coming tomorrow.(我知道他明天会来。)
- She asked if we had finished the work.(她问我们是否完成了工作。)
三、表语从句
表语从句是指在系动词后作表语的从句,用来说明主语的身份、状态或特征。常见的引导词有 that、whether、what、how、when、where、why 等。
例句:
- The problem is that we don’t have enough time.(问题是时间不够。)
- The question is whether we should go or not.(问题是我们要不要去。)
四、同位语从句
同位语从句是对前面的名词进行解释说明的从句,常用于解释抽象名词如 fact、idea、news、hope、belief、rumor 等。引导词一般为 that,不能省略。
例句:
- The fact that he was late surprised everyone.(他迟到的事实让大家都很惊讶。)
- Her belief that she would succeed gave her strength.(她相信自己会成功的信念给了她力量。)
总结表格
| 从句类型 | 在句中作用 | 常见引导词 | 举例说明 |
| 主语从句 | 作主语 | that, whether, if, what, who, how | That he passed the exam is a big surprise. |
| 宾语从句 | 作动词/介词的宾语 | that, whether, if, what, who, how | I believe that he is telling the truth. |
| 表语从句 | 作系动词后的表语 | that, whether, what, how, why | The problem is that we can't afford it. |
| 同位语从句 | 解释前面的名词 | that(不可省略) | The news that he won the competition spread quickly. |
通过以上分类和例子,我们可以更清晰地理解名词性从句的使用方式和语法功能。掌握这四种类型,有助于提高英语写作和阅读理解能力。
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