【高中定语从句专项练习】在英语学习中，定语从句是一个非常重要的语法知识点，尤其在高中阶段，它不仅是考试中的高频考点，也是提高语言表达能力的关键内容。掌握好定语从句的用法，有助于学生更准确地理解和运用复杂句型，提升写作和阅读能力。
一、什么是定语从句？
定语从句是指在句子中充当定语成分的从句，用来修饰前面的名词或代词，通常由关系代词（如 who, whom, whose, which, that）或关系副词（如 when, where, why）引导。例如：
- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
（我昨天买的那本书很有趣。）
在这个句子中，“that I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句，用来修饰“the book”。
二、常见关系词的用法
1. who / whom / whose：用于指人
- The girl who is standing there is my sister.
- The man whom you met yesterday is a famous writer.
2. which / that：用于指物或动物
- The car which is parked outside is mine.
- The book that I borrowed from the library is very useful.
3. whose：表示所属关系
- The student whose father is a doctor is very smart.
4. when / where / why：用于表示时间、地点或原因
- I still remember the day when we first met.
- This is the house where I was born.
- That’s the reason why he left early.
三、定语从句的注意事项
1. that 和 which 的区别
- 在正式文体中，which 通常用于非限制性定语从句，而 that 多用于限制性定语从句。
- The book which is on the table is mine.（非限制性）
- The book that is on the table is mine.（限制性）
2. 介词 + 关系代词的结构
- 这种结构常用于强调或使句子更自然。
- The man to whom you spoke is our teacher.
- The city in which I was born is very beautiful.
3. 省略关系代词的情况
- 当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。
- The man (whom) I saw yesterday is my uncle.
- The book (which) I read is very interesting.
四、专项练习题
1. The woman ______ lives next door is a nurse.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. where
2. This is the factory ______ we visited last year.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. when
3. The students ______ passed the exam are all happy.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. where
4. The reason ______ he was late is not clear.
A. why
B. which
C. that
D. where
5. The house ______ I grew up is now a museum.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. when
五、答案与解析
1. A（主语，指人）
2. A/B（宾语，指物）
3. A（主语，指人）
4. A（原因状语从句）
5. A（地点状语从句）
六、总结
定语从句是英语语法中的重要组成部分，理解并熟练运用其结构，不仅能帮助我们更好地表达思想，还能在考试中取得更好的成绩。通过大量的练习和不断的积累，同学们一定能够在这一部分取得显著的进步。希望这篇练习能够帮助大家巩固知识，提升语言运用能力。
