在全球化的金融环境中，银行作为经济体系的重要支柱，其稳健运营对整个社会经济的稳定至关重要。为了确保商业银行能够有效管理各种风险，并维持金融市场的健康运行，各国监管机构通常会制定一系列的风险监管核心指标。这些指标不仅帮助银行更好地评估自身的风险管理能力，也为监管者提供了衡量银行风险状况的标准。
中文版
一、流动性风险
流动性风险是指银行无法以合理成本及时获得充足资金，用于偿付到期债务、履行其他支付义务和满足正常业务开展所需的资金需求的风险。流动性覆盖率（LCR）是衡量短期流动性风险的一个重要指标，它要求银行持有的高流动性资产至少能覆盖未来30天内的现金流出。
二、信用风险
信用风险是指因借款人或交易对手未能履行合同义务而给银行带来损失的可能性。资本充足率（CAR）是衡量银行抵御信用风险能力的关键指标之一，它反映了银行资本与风险加权资产的比例。
三、市场风险
市场风险是指由于市场价格（如利率、汇率、股票价格和商品价格等）的不利变动，导致银行表内和表外头寸发生损失的风险。VaR（Value at Risk，风险价值）是一种常用的量化市场风险的方法，用来估计在特定置信水平下，由市场价格波动可能造成的最大潜在损失。
四、操作风险
操作风险是指由于内部程序、人员、系统或外部事件引发的操作失误或其他问题而导致的财务损失或声誉损害的风险。高级计量法（AMA）允许银行根据自身业务特点和发展情况选择合适的模型来计算操作风险资本要求。
英文版
One, Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk refers to the risk that a bank cannot obtain sufficient funds at a reasonable cost to meet its obligations due within 30 days, fulfill other payment obligations and support normal business operations. The Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) is an important indicator for measuring short-term liquidity risk, which requires banks to hold high liquid assets that can cover cash outflows over the next 30 days.
Two, Credit Risk
Credit risk refers to the possibility of loss due to the failure of borrowers or counterparties to fulfill contractual obligations. Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is one of the key indicators for measuring a bank's ability to withstand credit risk, reflecting the ratio of a bank's capital to risk-weighted assets.
Three, Market Risk
Market risk refers to the risk of financial loss or reputation damage caused by adverse changes in market prices (such as interest rates, exchange rates, stock prices, and commodity prices). Value at Risk (VaR) is a commonly used method for quantifying market risk, used to estimate the maximum potential loss caused by price fluctuations under a specific confidence level.
Four, Operational Risk
Operational risk refers to the risk of financial loss or reputation damage caused by operational errors or other problems due to internal processes, personnel, systems, or external events. Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA) allows banks to choose appropriate models based on their own business characteristics and development situation to calculate operational risk capital requirements.
以上是关于商业银行风险监管核心指标的一些基本介绍。通过实施这些指标，可以有效地提高银行业的抗风险能力和整体稳定性，从而促进全球经济的健康发展。
